ABSTRACT
Objective: The objective of the present study is the evaluation of the effect of the sublethal (40% and 60% of 48h LC50) binary combination (1:5 ratios) of molluscicides deltamethrin+MGK-264 on the endogenous levels of protein, amino acid and nucleic acid in different tissues of snail Lymnaea acuminata. Methods: The snails were treated with 1:5 mixtures of sub-lethal concentration of (40% and 60% of 48h LC50) deltamethrin+MGK-264 on the protein, amino acid and nucleic acid levels in gonadal, nervous and foot tissue of L. acuminata. In order to study the effect of withdrawal from treatment, the snails were first exposed to the above concentrations for 96h, after which they were transferred to freshwater. Water was changed every 24h for the next seven days, after which different biochemical parameters were estimated. Results: There was a significant change in the levels of protein (sublethal concentration of 60% of 48h LC50 after 96h) gonadal, nervous and foot tissues are 48.1, 12.1 and 14.5%, respectively, amino acid are 273, 234 and 252%, respectively, DNA are 25.1, 38.9 and 42.1%, respectively and RNA are 12.2, 30.7 and 30.5%, respectively. These changes were time and concentration-dependent. In the withdrawal experiment, the snails were treated for 96h to transfer in freshwater for 7 d, which caused significant recovery in all the biochemical parameters. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the high molluscicidal activity of deltamethrin+MGK-264 simultaneous decrease in the levels of proteins, DNA, RNA and increase in the level of amino acids.
ABSTRACT
A comparative study was conducted for the food items and feeding pattern of Channa punctatus in pond environment and in reservoir of Tarai region in Uttarakhand state.Observation was made for body length, gut length, food and feeding frequency and qualitative and quantitative analysis of gut content.Both, body length and gut length were in higher side with a ratio of 1:2.1 for the natural fish stock of reservoir. Gut content mainly consists of crustacean, insects, mollusks, small fishes and semi-digested material. There was significant difference for the percent occurrence of the food items (p < 0.01) of natural stock of reservoir and pond reared stock. The study revealed that seasonal variability of natural food items in different habitats and their biological diversity put impacts on the biological needs in terms of food and feeding pattern of the same fish species.
ABSTRACT
Lymphatic filarial parasite Brugia malayi contains significant amount of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the extract of different life stages and in the excretory-secretory product of adults. In the present study recombinant SOD from B. pahangi has been used to see the antibody response in Wuchereria bancrofti infected patients. The recombinant SOD from B. pahangi reacted specifically with W. bancrofti infected sera in ELISA and immunoblotting. The reactivity of IgM subclass was more as compared to IgG subclass both in the asymptomatic microfilaraemic and symptomatic amicrofilaraemic when tested by ELISA. Serum from other helminthic infection was very low and found to be insignificant. The antibody response to rec SOD was directly proportional to the number of microfilariae in infected patients. The circulating filarial SOD was detected in filarial patients using polyclonal antibodies raised against recombinant Cu/Zn SOD in rabbits. The apparent molecular masses as determined by immunoblotting were 29 and 22 kDa. The specificity of recombinant SOD could be explored for its use in immunodiagnosis of lymphatic filariasis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Antibodies, Helminth/biosynthesis , Blotting, Western , Brugia pahangi/enzymology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Filariasis/immunology , Humans , Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology , Superoxide Dismutase/pharmacology , Wuchereria bancrofti/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Six hundred healthy inborn newborns and infants upto the age of 18 months were studied. Cranial sonography was performed by real time 2D scanner with 5 MHz transducer and images were obtained through anterior fontanelle and temporo-squamal suture. Various parameters related to ventricular system were measured for different ages till the fontanelle remained open. These values will prove useful for diagnosing hydrocephalus at an early stage of the disease and also to find out the blocks at various levels in ventricular system.
Subject(s)
Age Factors , Cephalometry , Cerebral Ventricles/physiology , Female , Humans , Hydrocephalus/diagnosis , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Prospective Studies , Reference ValuesSubject(s)
Calcium/blood , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Magnesium/blood , Male , Syndrome , Tremor/blood , Zinc/bloodSubject(s)
Anemia/blood , Anemia, Hypochromic/blood , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Iron/blood , Male , Transferrin/analysisABSTRACT
The hospital environment is full of pathogens which may cause nosocomial infections. A bacteriological survey of hospital air, floor, water, milk and fomites was done. The air survey showed large number of bacteria carrying particles in air. A direct relation between floor area per person and bacterial contamination of air was established. The floor survey showed that there is abundance of bacteria on the hospital floors, much more than the accepted fair standards of house keeping. The hospital water had a high coliform and total bacterial count and stored tank water was more dirty. Neonatal nursery milk also had high total bacterial and coliform counts. Regular surveillance of hospital environment may help to reduce the incidence of cross infection.